ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Mitochondrial diseases are rare, heterogeneous, incurable and complex to diagnose. Probably due to their rareness, there is still a lack of literacy in this area, especially in society, but also in schools and in general, health care services. Accordingly, tools that may bring advancement in science and health literacy are needed. Mit.OnOff is a science communication project based on a bilateral partnership between the University of Coimbra (Portugal) and the University of Bergen (Norway). It aims to inform society about rare diseases related to mitochondrial cytopathies with an emphasis on LHON. METHODS: The initiative focuses on the creation of an illustrated book explaining the diseases caused by the failure of energy production in simple and accessible language. The aim is to raise awareness (particularly in Portugal and Norway) and provide in-depth knowledge to people suffering from these diseases. RESULTS/CASE REPORT: This project involves expert scientists in the field of mitochondrial disease, science communicators and artists in alignment with the United Nations SDGs, Agenda 2030. Mit.OnOff is a bilateral partnership (Portugal and Norway) established to address the lack of knowledge and health literacy on the subject of mitochondrial disease. The book will be distributed in both countries, creating a sense of inclusion and visibility and influencing decisions regarding these diseases. It is a relevant educational medium (e.g., schools, health care provision). The distribution of the book is complemented with other communication materials. Oral communications are made, together with public involvement, in which special glasses will be distributed to simulate a mitochondrial disease that leads to blindness (LHON) for the public to experience what it is like living with a rare disease. CONCLUSION: It is hoped that the production of this book will give patients a sense of inclusion and representation in the media. This, in turn, will contribute to achieving the SDG targets (3,4,5,8,10,12), i.e., ensuring people live healthy lives, reducing child mortality, and increasing life expectancy, ensuring access to inclusive, equitable and quality education for all, ensuring gender equality, and contributing to a peaceful and prosperous world.
ABSTRACT
Spiders are among the most diverse animals, which developed different morphological and behavioral traits for capturing prey. We studied the anatomy and functionality of the rare and apomorphic raptorial spider feet using 3D reconstruction modeling, among other imaging techniques. The evolutionary reconstruction of the raptorial feet (tarsus plus pretarsus) features using a composite tree of spiders, indicating that similar traits emerged three times independently in Trogloraptoridae, Gradungulinae, and Doryonychus raptor (Tetragnathidae). The characteristics defining the raptorial feet are an interlocked complex merging of the base of the elongated prolateral claw with the pretarsal sclerotized ring, with the former clasping against the tarsus. Raptorial feet even flex over robust raptorial macrosetae forming a reduced tarsal version of a catching basket to encase prey during hunting. Our results show that Celaeniini (Araneidae) and Heterogriffus berlandi (Thomisidae), taxa previously compared with raptorial spiders, lack the raptorial feet key characteristics and the tarsal-catching basket. We make predictions about the possible behavior of the abovementioned taxa that will need to be tested by observing living specimens. We conclude that multiple morphological tarsal and pretarsal micro-structures define the raptorial foot functional unit and recommend a comprehensive evaluation before assigning this configuration to any spider taxa.
Subject(s)
Raptors , Spiders , Animals , Spiders/anatomy & histology , Predatory BehaviorABSTRACT
Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the use of iron supplementation and associated factors in children aged six to 59 months attended at the Family Health Strategy units in a city in Minas Gerais (MG). Methods: a cross-sectional, analytical-exploratory study, carried out with 252 children aged six to 59 months, attended at ten units, between 2014 and 2016. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socioeconomic conditions, maternal health, child's health and the knowledge of those responsible regarding anemia and iron supplementation, in addition to analysis of the child's medical records /booklet to collect test results. Descriptive statistics, bivariate association analysis and logistic regression for multivariate analysis were performed. Results: only 22.6% of the children aged between six and 24 months were receiving iron supplement at the time of the interview. Considering children aged six to 59 months, 13.1% were supplemented and breastfeeding time (p=0.006) and the participation in childcare (p=0.042), were positively associated with the use of supplementation. Conclusion: most children aged six to 24 months were not receiving supplementation as recommended by the Ministry of Health, demonstrating the need to implement prevention programs, such as the National Iron Supplementation Program and training of professionals on the importance of health education in preventing childhood anemia.
Resumo Objetivos: avaliar o uso do suplemento de ferro e fatores associados em crianças de seis a 59 meses atendidas em unidades Estratégia Saúde da Família em município de Minas Gerais (MG). Métodos: estudo transversal, analítico-exploratório, realizado com 252 crianças na faixa etária seis a 59 meses, atendidas em dez unidades, entre 2014 e 2016. Utilizou-se questionário estruturado para coleta de dados sobre condições socioeconômicas, saúde materna, saúde da criança e conhecimentos dos responsáveis acerca da anemia e suplementação com ferro, além de análise do prontuário / caderneta da criança para coleta de resultados de exames. Realizou-se análise estatística descritiva, análise de associação bivariada e regressão logística para análise multivariada. Resultados: apenas 22,6% das crianças com idade entre seis e 24 meses estavam recebendo o suplemento de ferro no momento da entrevista. Considerando as crianças de seis a 59 meses, 13,1% eram suplementadas e o tempo de amamentação (p=0,006) e a participação na puericultura (p=0,042) apresentaram associação com o uso de suplemento. Conclusão: a maioria das crianças de seis a 24 meses não recebia a suplementação, demonstrando a necessidade de implementação dos programas de prevenção, como o Programa Nacional de Suplementação de Ferro e capacitação dos profissionais sobre a importância da educação em saúde para prevenção da anemia infantil.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child Care , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/prevention & control , Dietary Supplements , Iron Deficiencies , Iron/therapeutic use , Preventive Health Services , National Health Strategies , Brazil , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
Abstract Objectives: a systematic review study with the objective of estimating the effect on the practice of the kangaroo method (KM) on the formation and strengthening of the mother-baby bond (MBB). Methods: independent searches were performed in three international databases in the United States National Library of Medicine - PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online - Scielo and Web of Science databases. Searches were made without limit on languages and year of publication. Results: the final selection consisted of 27 studies, 14 of a quantitative nature (nine clinical trials and five observational) and 13 qualitative. All qualitative articles and most quantitative ones (n=10) indicated the practice of the KM as favorable to the formation and strengthening of the MBB. Other quantitative studies did not show statistically significant differences in the comparisons made between groups. None of the 27 studies found unfavorable effects resulting from the practice of KM on the MBB. Conclusion: the results suggest that the KM favors the formation and strengthening of the MBB regardless of the weight and gestational age of the newborns or the place of measurement (hospital or residence). Thus, encouraging the execution of this biopsychosocial intervention of qualified and humanized care is recommended for the promotion of children's health.
Resumo Objetivos: estudo de revisão sistemática com objetivo de estimar o efeito da prática do método canguru (MC) na formação e fortalecimento do vínculo mãe-bebê (VMB). Métodos: foram realizadas buscas independentes em três bases de dados internacionais nas bases de dados United States National Library of Medicine - PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online - Scielo e Web of Science. As buscas foram feitas sem limite para idioma e ano de publicação. Resultados: a seleção final foi composta por 27 estudos, 14 de caráter quantitativo (nove ensaios clínicos e cinco observacionais) e 13 qualitativos. Todos os artigos qualitativos e a maioria dos quantitativos (n=10) apontaram a prática do MC como favorável à formação e ao fortalecimento do VMB. Os demais estudos quantitativos não apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes nas comparações realizadas entre grupos. Nenhum dos 27 estudos encontrou efeitos desfavoráveis resultantes da prática do MC sobre o VMB. Conclusão: os resultados sugerem que o MC favorece a formação e o fortalecimento do VMB independentemente do peso e idade gestacional dos recém-nascidos e do ambiente de medição (hospital ou domicílio). Assim, o incentivo a execução desta intervenção biopsicossocial de atenção qualificada e humanizada é recomendada para a promoção de saúde da criança.
Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Child Health , Maternal and Child Health , Humanization of Assistance , Kangaroo-Mother Care Method/psychology , Mother-Child Relations/psychology , Models, BiopsychosocialABSTRACT
A autonomia reprodutiva feminina levou o Brasil a uma transição demográfica acentuada, apresentando rápida progressão de casais sem filhos. Profissionais das diversas áreas clínicas necessitarão desenvolver, cada vez mais, além de empatia, habilidades e competências para lidar com os novos quadros e sujeitos sociais que optam por abrir mão de projetos que envolvem filiação e descendência. Este estudo buscou compreender os motivos que levam casais heterossexuais a optarem por não ter filhos e identificar intercorrências preconceituosas. O Método utilizado foi o qualitativo exploratório e foram realizadas entrevistas com cinco casais na cidade de São Paulo, com amostra escolhida por bola de neve. Os resultados permitiram concluir que se trata de uma escolha complexa e marcada pela consensualidade; motivada por objetivos diversos, que passam pelo desejo de liberdade para a realização de projetos pessoais e profissionais, assim como o fato de que estas famílias contemporâneas enfrentam formas de preconceitos e estigmatização sociais.(AU)
The female reproductive autonomy led Brazil to a marked demographic transition, with rapid progression of couples without children. Professionals in various clinical areas need to develop increasingly and empathy, skills and expertise to deal with the new staff and social subjects who choose to forgot projects involving membership and descent. This study sought to understand the reasons that heterosexual couples choose not to have children and to identify prejudiced complications. The method used was the qualitative exploratory interviews were conducted with five couples in the city of São Paulo, with sample chosen by snowball method. The results showed that it is a complex choice and marked by consensuality; motivated by several goals, which includes the desire for freedom to conduct personal and professional projects, as well as the fact that these families face contemporary forms of social prejudice and stigmatization.(AU)
